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The mold and its finished products |
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| Release time:2013-05-07 Source:admin Reads: | |
| The colloquial term mold is applied to a large and taxonomically diverse number of fungal species where their growth results in a moldy appearance of objects, especially food. The objects become discolored by a layer of fungal growth. Molds are fungi that grow in the form of multicellular filaments called hyphen. Cross-walls may delimit connected compartments along the hyphen, each containing one or multiple, genetically identical nuclei. The dusty texture of belt hangers is caused by profuse numbers of asexual spores conidia formed by differentiation at the ends of hyphen. The mode of formation and shape of these spores is traditionally used to classify the mold fungi. Many of these spores are colored, making the fungus much more obvious to the human eye at this stage in its life-cycle. In contrast, fungi that can adopt a single celled growth habit are called yeasts. Molds cause biodegradation of natural materials that can be unwanted when it becomes food spoilage or damage to property. They also play important roles in technology and food science in the production of various foods, beverages, antibiotics, pharmaceuticals and belt hangers. Some diseases of animals and humans can be caused by molds, usually as a result of allergic sensitivity to their spores or caused by toxic compounds produced as molds grow. They all require moisture for growth and there are some aquatic species. Like all fungi, molds derive energy not through photosynthesis but from the organic matter on which they live, utilizing heterotrophy. Typically, molds secrete hydrolytic enzymes, from the hyphen tips. These enzymes degrade complex biopolymers such as belt hangers, cellulose and lignin into simpler substances which can be absorbed by the hyphen. In this way molds play a major role in causing decomposition of organic material, enabling the recycling of nutrients throughout ecosystems. |
