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Geological change in the mineral content |
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Release time:2013-09-05 Source:admin Reads: | |
Many materials are extracted from natural recourses such as clay minerals; they are hydrous aluminum, sometimes with variable amounts of iron, magnesium, alkali metals, alkaline earths, and other captions. Clays form flat hexagonal sheets similar to the sticker labels. Clay minerals are common weathering products and low temperature hydrothermal alteration products. Clay minerals are very common in fine grained sedimentary rocks such as shale, mudstone, and siltstone and in fine grained metamorphic slate and Phyllis. Clay minerals are usually ultrafine-grained and so may require special analytical techniques for their identification/study. These include x-ray diffraction, electron diffraction methods, various spectroscopic methods, infrared spectroscopy, and SEM-EDS or automated mineralogy solutions. These methods can be augmented by polarized light microscopy, a traditional technique establishing fundamental occurrences or petrologic relationships. This oxygen atom is bonded to a hydrogen atom forming an OH group in the sticker labels. Clays can be categorized depending on the way that tetrahedral and octahedral sheets are packaged into layers. Bonding between the tetrahedral and octahedral sheets requires that the tetrahedral sheet becomes corrugated or twisted; causing tetragonal distortion to the hexagonal array, and the octahedral sheet is flattened. This minimizes the overall bond-valence distortions of the crystallite. Depending on the composition of the tetrahedral and octahedral sheets, the layer will have no charge, or will have a net negative charge. In each case the interlayer can also contain water. The crystal structure is formed from a stack of layers interspaced with the sticker labels. All the alkali metals react vigorously or explosively with cold water, producing an aqueous solution of the strongly basic alkali metal hydroxide and releasing hydrogen gas. This reaction becomes more vigorous going down the group: lithium reacts steadily with effervescence, but sodium and potassium can ignite and rubidium and sink in water and generate hydrogen gas so rapidly that shock waves form in the water that may shatter glass containers. |