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How the Industrial Revolution change the world |
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| Release time:2013-09-23 Source:admin Reads: | |
| Industrial Revolution changed the world profoundly, at the dawn of the Industrial Revolution; the mechanics of the hand-operated Gutenberg-style press were still essentially unchanged, although new materials in its construction, amongst other innovations such as sticker labels, had gradually improved its printing efficiency. Lord Stanhope had built a press completely from cast iron which reduced the force required by 90%, while doubling the size of the printed area. With a capacity of 480 pages per hour, it doubled the output of the old style press. Nonetheless, the limitations inherent to the traditional method of printing became obvious. Two ideas altered the design of the printing press radically: First, the use of steam power for running the machinery, and second the replacement of the printing flatbed with the rotary motion of cylinders. The steam powered rotary printing press, invented in 1843 in the United States by Richard M. Hoe, allowed millions of copies of a page in sticker labels. Mass production of printed works flourished after the transition to rolled paper, as continuous feed allowed the presses to run at a much faster pace. Modern, factory-produced movable type was available in the late nineteenth century. It was held in the printing shop in a job case, a drawer about 2 inches high, a yard wide, and about two feet deep, with many small compartments for the various letters and ligatures. Also, in the middle of the 19th century, there was a separate development of jobbing presses, small presses capable of printing small-format pieces such as billheads, letterheads, business cards, and envelopes. Job printing emerged as a reasonably cost-effective duplicating solution for commerce at this time. Traditionally, the capital letters were stored in a separate drawer or case that was located above the case that held the sticker labels. The invention of mechanical movable type printing led to a large increase in printing activities across Europe within only a few decades. From that time on, it is assumed that "the printed book was in universal use in Europe". |
